Purpose: to evaluate dynamics of subjective and objective accommodation in children wearing bifocal soft contact lenses (BSCLs) for myopia control with +4.00 D addition power. M e t h o d s: the study involved 22 patients (44 eyes).

Mean age amounted to 10.1  ± 1.46 years and mean myopic refraction amounted to –3.21  ± 1.23 D. Patients were fitted Prima BIO Bi-focal BSCLs (OKVision Retail, Russia). All patients underwent cycloplegic refraction assessed with Auto Ref/Keratometer ARK 530A (Nidek, Japan), had axial length measured with IOL Master 500 optical biometry device (Carl Zeiss, Germany), had positive relative accommodation (PRA) assessed with and without lenses and had binocular (BAR) and monocular (MAR) accommodative response assessed at a distance of 33 cm with WAM-5500 Binocular Accommodation Auto Ref/Keratometer (Grand Seiko, Japan) prior to wearing BSCLs as well as 3, 6 and 12 months after wearing BSCLs.

Results: neither MAR nor BAR measured without lenses changed after 3, 6 and 12 months of wearing BSCLs (p >0,05). A change in PRA evaluated without lenses was noted after 12 months (p < 0,05). PRA evaluated with lenses after 3, 6 and 12 months differed from baseline significantly (p < 0,001). Over 12 months of wearing BSCLs, changes in AL (0.09 ± 0.17 mm) and cycloplegic refraction (0.3 ±0.43 D) correlated with baseline BAR and MAR loosely. C o n c l u s i o n: objective accommodation (MAR and BAR) did not change in the course of wearing BSCLs with +4.00 D addition power. Increase in PRA evaluated without BSCLs may be associated with improvement of accommodation due to a full correction in the optic zone. The gradual increase in PRA evaluated with BSCLs probably indicates an adaptation of patients to addition zone in near vision conditions.

Introduction: in today’s digital environment, dry eye complaints step forward in all age groups. Along with dry eye syndrome, the diagnosis of which is not complicated, there are other causes of dryness such as dysfunction of the tear film and Meibomian glands, etc. For the early detection of the above conditions, invasive diagnostic methods are mainly used.

Aim: to compare Non-Invasive Tear Breakup Time (NITBUT) assessed with LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer to results of invasive tests for dry eye syndrome diagnosis to determine the possibility of a wider use of LacryDiag in practical ophthalmology.

 Materials and Methods: 50 patients with dry eye, burning and feeling of a foreign body complaints participated in this study. Mean age amounted to 28.85 ± 5.86 years. NITBUT was assessed with LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer. The data obtained was compared to the results of Invasive Tear Breakup Time (TBUT) – Norne test, and Schirmer I test.

Results: both quantitative and qualitative values of tear film stability were analyzed in all participants. Based on results of the Schirmer I test, patients were divided into subgroups: where it was greater than 21 mm, between 11 and 20 mm, between 6 and 10 mm, and less than 5 mm/ The mean value of the Schirmer I test result amounted to 15.32 ± 6.05 mm/5 min, NITBUT amounted to 9.59 ± 4.37 s, while invasive TBUT amounted to 8.98 ± 3.79 s. It was found that invasive TBUT is in a strong direct correlation with NITBUT values (p <0.001, r = 0.554). No correlation was discovered between Schirmer I test results and TBUT (p = 0.15, r = 0.207) as well as between Schirmer I test result and NITBUT (p = 0.17, r =0.228). No correlation was found between the optical power of the cornea and the tear film structure abnormalities.

Conclusion: a strong correlation was found between results of invasive and non-invasive methods of tear film breakup time assessment. No correlation was found between the optical power of the cornea and the tear film disruption. The non-invasive test was found to be an effective and objective method for diagnosing dry eye.

Aim. To analyze injuries and their consequences in patients who previously underwent eye surgery.

Materials and Methods. We carried out a retrospective analysis of case histories of 34 patients (35 eyes) who had previously undergone ophthalmic surgery and were re-hospitalized due to an eye injury sustained between several days to 23 years after surgery. There were 18 male and 16 female patients; 59% of them were of retirement age.

Results . Half of the patients sustained injuries within 6 months after surgery. Fifteen patients sought medical attention on the same date. Civilian traumas prevailed and occurred in 33 patients; 10 patients out of them sustained criminal injury. Polytrauma occured in 4 patients. Primary blast injury occurred in 3% of patients, while secondary and tertiary blast injuries occurred in 14% and 83% of patients respectively. Intraocular infection developed in 6% of the injured patients and 33 eyes required an emergency surgical treatment. Visual acuity depended on the severity of the injury and its baseline after previous surgical treatment. On admission, blindness and low spatial vision were diagnosed in 85% cases and persisted at discharge in 77% of cases. Hypotension diagnosed in 83% of cases persisted at discharge in 31% of cases. After maximum access surgeries, especially extracapsular cataract extractions, a tertiary blast injury was discovered in 22 eyes. In these patients, visual acuity was below 0.09 (decimal system); at discharge, it remained the same in 73% of patients. Further rehabilitation was indicated for 80% of patients.

Summary. Injuries of the previously operated eyes were blast-induced and had a varying severity. Their occurrence in male and female patients was roughly equivalent. Injuries occurred more often in patients of retirement age; for the most part, they were sustained during off the job circumstances. Patients requested for ophthalmological treatment late and required a long-term medical and social rehabilitation as their injuries were accompanied by a significant decrease in visual functions.

Introduction. The number of contact lens users continues to increase, exceeding the total of more than 125 million people in the world. The trend of modern vision correction with contact lenses is the creation of customized contact lenses and specialty lens care products that better meet the needs of patients of all age groups.

Purpose. To study the evolution of contact lens care products, their properties, composition characteristics, reliability of cleaning and disinfection, advantages and disadvantages of multifunctional solutions and peroxide systems, compatibility with contact lens materials as well as the effct of contact lens care solutions on the eye microbiome based on a literature data review.

Material and methods. The analysis of scientifi publications available on Pubmed, BCLA, Elibrary, Elsevier and Medline for the last 20 years was carried out; 48 sources of literature were analyzed.

Results. The analysis of literature has shown that the evolution of both contact lenses and contact lens care products has tightened the control over the safety of wearing. We have studied not only the composition and characteristics of each component of contact lens care and disinfection systems, but also the properties of the eye microbiome and its changes whilst wearing contact lenses. It is noted that under otherwise equal conditions, peroxide systems for contact lens care provide more reliable protection against contamination of all types of lenses, as well as ensure a better disinfection, protecting the eye from possible microbial, toxic and allergic complications. We also analyzed patients’ behavior and identifid their concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion. The patient’s choice of a lens care product must be approved by contact lens specialist and ophthalmologist. Contact lens care products should ensure perfect cleaning, maximum disinfection, hydration and be compatible with lens materials; they should be selected taking into account the patient-specifi characteristics of the ocular surface, lifestyle and health condition. It is necessary to continuously educate and inform patients about the importance of lens care products, and special attention should be paid to care during a pandemic for the safe wearing of CL.

As of today, scleral lenses are the only optical rehabilitation method that provides high visual quality of vision for patients with irregular cornea. This fitting guide is aimed at helping ophthalmologists acquire professional knowledge in the field of fitting scleral lenses and suggest tactics for managing patients with irregular corneas.

The workshop outlines indications for prescribing scleral lenses, describes the basic principles of lens parameters calculation and fitting, taking into account the patientspecific parameters of the eyes. In addition, guidelines for acquiring skills in assessing and changing the position of scleral lenses on the patient’s eye, using customization options, daily care, manipulations for inserting on and removing lenses, and further dispensary observation are given.

Mastering the basic skills of calculation and fitting customized scleral lenses helps practitioners expand their areas of practice, enhance professional competitiveness and provide patients with high quality vision, even in the most difficult clinical cases.