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The EYE GLAZ

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Vol 22, No 2(130) (2020)
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EDITORIAL

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

7-11 503
Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study the features of the comorbid course of ischemic diseases of the visual organ and chronic cerebral ischemia in atherosclerosis.

The material for this study was the results of complex examinations of 37 patients (74 eyes) with ischemic diseases of the visual organ in combination with chronic cerebral ischemia and atherosclerotic vascular lesions. In addition to complex ophthalmologic examination, ultrasound examination with color Doppler mapping of extracranial and intracranial segments of the great vessels of the brain, Color-Doppler sonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with tractography were used to study the peculiarities of the course of ischemic diseases of the visual organ in chronic cerebral ischemia. The quantitative characteristics of blood flow in the vessels of the eye and brain were the maximum systolic, final diastolic speeds, resistance index, carotid - ophthalmic ratio.

Analysis of the results of the study revealed a change in visual function to varying degrees in all patients, depending on the ratio of the degree of damage to middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery, ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery and posterior short ciliary artery as well as time when a patient requested medical assistance. The data obtained from Doppler studies of extracranial and intracranial segments of the great vessels and magnetic resonance tractography correlated with changes in Color-Doppler sonography, visual impairment and the detection of defects in the visual field.

Pathological changes in the extracranial and intracranial segments of the great vessels negatively affect not only the parameters of the blood circulation of the cerebral vessels, but also exacerbate disturbances in the parameters of the blood circulation of the vessels of the eye, which leads to the progression of ischemic diseases of the visual organ. The degree of viability of collateral circulation is of great importance in the development of chronic cerebral ischemia and the progression of ischemic diseases of the organ of vision. All thus, the good consistency of collateral hemodynamics eliminates ischemia of brain and eye tissues, while visual functions are less affected.

12-15 620
Abstract

Background. Over the past decade, there has been an increase in myopia prevalence in the world; in many countries it is considered as epidemic. In case of an unfavorable course, myopia becomes the cause of retinal pathology, which in severe cases leads to an irreversible decrease in corrected visual acuity and to visual impairment that occurs at working age.

Purpose. To analyze the relationship between the occurrence of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy (PVCD) in patients with myopia depending on its type: refractive and axial.

Material and methods. A retrospective cohort analysis involved 304 patients (608 eyes) of 13 to 70 years old with acquired myopia: mild (19.40%), moderate (42.93%) and high (37.67%). In all cases, myopia was complicated by PVCD. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of myopia: refractive and axial myopia. Biometric data (LENSTAR LS 900) and keratometry (“Huvitz”, South Korea) were used as criteria for patient selection.

Results. The distribution of patients showed that PVCD most often occurs in the group of patients with axial myopia of moderate (44.48%) and high (39.70%) degrees. In the group of patients with mild axial myopia, the incidence was 15.80%. A clear correlation was noted between the development of PVCD and the axial elongation.

In contrast, in patients with refractive myopia, the incidence of PVCD was two times higher in case of mild myopia (50.00%) than in cases of moderate (29.69%) and high myopia (20.31%) put together.

Conclusion. The study revealed that PVCD is almost 8,5 times more likely to occur in case of axial myopia than in case of refractive myopia. A possible cause of PVCD development in case of axial myopia is an increase in the axial length, while in case of refractive myopia its possible cause is the increase in the eyeball's transverse size. Regardless of the type of myopia and its degree, the study of the periphery of the retina is an essential element of diagnostics for timely detection of PVCD and monitoring the progression of axial myopia is an important criterion for its prevention.

16-20 515
Abstract

We described clinical cases of scleral lenses fitting in patients with induced ametropia and have shown the efficiency of this optical correction. High functional results and comfortable use make scleral lenses the main optical correction method for patients with irregular corneas after refractive surgery procedures.

22-24 510
Abstract

Most users of soft contact lenses sooner or later face the problem of dry eyes when wearing them. Despite the development of polymer chemistry for contact lenses, which include additional moisturizing components, this problem is still relevant today. The use of tear substitutes and moisturizers is effective at the initial stage of treatment. In this regard, the appointment of orthokeratological lenses to users with soft contact lenses may be one of the possible solutions, including in patients of presbyopic age.

REVIEWS

26-29 625
Abstract

Orthokeratology is a method of correction of ametropia, which has been widely used throughout the world. In the presented review, based on the data of domestic and foreign literature, possible undesirable phenomena that occur when using orthokeratological lenses are described. Scientists come to the conclusion that, despite the possibility of complications, the risk of undesired symptoms is significantly reduced when the rules of the use and care of orthokera-tological lenses are strictly followed, and that their incidence is less frequent than when using soft contact lenses.

TECHNOLOGIES

30-35 519
Abstract

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is the first generation of laser vision correction, which marked the beginning of the era of laser keratorefractive surgery. The technology can improve vision in case of myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism.

The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the PRK method, its risks and side effects.

The data obtained as a result of the analysis of scientific publications and by practical means are presented.

WORKSHOP

36-43 709
Abstract

Corneal topography is the main method for assessing the regularity of the surface of the cornea. Corneal irregularity leads to a deterioration in its refractive properties and a decrease in the quality of vision.

Learning the basics of corneal topography will help determine the choice of a color map for a specific situation, as well as understand and analyze the data associated with these maps. This article describes the main types of topographic maps, various patterns of corneal shape in normal and pathological conditions and how to use the data obtained to design and fit contact lenses. Despite the fact that images may vary depending on topographers used, the information presented in this article is universal.

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ISSN 2222-4408 (Print)
ISSN 2686-8083 (Online)