The author describes the risks for the retina in connection with changes in lifestyle and kind of visual work. In these conditions, the probability of development of AMD increases. A good prevention of this disease is the intake of vitamin complexes with retinoprotectors.

The author enters into polemics with the initial statements and conclusions of the new accommodation theory (by I.N. Koshits and his research group). In particular, he calls in question the understanding of retinal image formation and path of rays in the anterior segment of the eye.

The features are considered of light refraction in the anterior segment of the eye and after dispersion on the posterior surface of the cornea. It is shown that the cornea refracts light as a weakly scattering lens. The conclusion is made that the optical system of the eye is essentially a kind of natural telescope. The main task of the anterior segment of the eye is the optical compression of light coming from the surrounding space into a beam (tunnel) of light 1.8-2.5 mm in diameter, which can pass to the foveola even through a narrow pupil. The concept of «light tunnel» was introduced. The task of the eye lens is effective optical control of the three basic dispersion bands of blue, green and red colors (BGR-bands) in the «light tunnel». The optical control is carried out with the two mini-lenses located in the center of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lens capsule. Perhaps the main mechanism of lens accommodation is the change in the curvature of these mini-lenses when looking closer or farther away. The executive mechanism of «tunneling» accommodation is the varying pressure inside the lens, which is maximum when viewed near, when the elastic capsule of the lens is slightly stretched, and it can most strongly compress the lens masses. Taking into account the physiological makers of the ways of delivery and removal of aqueous humor, which is necessary to maintain the metabolism of the internal structures of the lens, a practical conclusion is made about the possible rate of cataract development in hypermetropic and myopic patients when optical correction is precribed improperly. Recommendations for rational optical correction are given.

The article expands upon the Russian State Library for the Blind, its collections, programs, and technological tools for rehabilitation.

The author offers the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of juvenile glaucoma with underlying of progressive myopia. The practice has confirmed that, based on these criteria, it is really possible to form a risk group and to identify glaucoma in young myopes at the right time.