The Russian state, represented by the Ministry of Energy, and the manufacturers of LED light sources, make significant efforts to promote first-generation LEDs (with a discrete spectrum of radiation) to the general educational, pre-school and school institutions of the Russian Federation. In this analytical review the main arguments of consumers and manufacturers are considered from the standpoint of medical deontology. The results of expert assessments of the influence of LED lighting on vision and health in general are presented. According to the world expert community, the main issue of modern lighting technology is choosing the right spectrum of artificial white light, which should be safe and comfortable for all age groups of the population. It is necessary to evaluate the video safety of the emitted white light for the visual analyzer and for health in general. According to this criterion, traditional LED lamps with a discrete spectrum of radiation are antiphysiological and can threaten the health of users. The medical justification for using this technology in the Russian Federation is clearly not enough. Psychophysiological studies were conducted with the participation of a very small number of children and, in principle, do not allow us to judge the risks to vision, since ophthalmologists did not participate in them. The authors propose to introduce in Russia a more modern technology - LED lamps with a continuous spectrum, which is closer to solar. This will significantly reduce the load on the human visual analyzer and provide light hygiene in the workplace.

The review presents literature data on the history of tobacco smoking, the prevalence of smoking among the population in various countries of the world, including Russia, the chemical composition of tobacco and its negative effects on the human body, the morbidity and mortality from smoking, passive smoking, the impact of smoking on women and children, on the organ of vision, and on the role of the physician in the current fight against tobacco/nicotine addiction in the world.

The paper presents data on the effectiveness of combined treatment including antiangiogenic and transpupillary thermotherapy in exudative age-related macular degeneration. 90 patients (90 eyes) with exudative age-related macular degeneration were examined and treated. Clinical results in the form of increased visual functions and improvement of the morphometric parameters obtained in our study indicate the effectiveness of combination therapy in exudative age-related macular degeneration.

The researchers of the physiology of vision respond to the objections of the opponent. They again give a visual scheme of the course of the rays in the anterior segment of the eye, underlining the importance of tear film in this optical system. In particular, this explains the effectiveness of orthokeratology, in their opinion.