Research and correction of human eye aberrations is one of the topics of optometry and refractive surgery. The author gives a brief of the modern knowledge in this field, using the material of the new handbook (written by himself).

The author describes the traditional and modern varieties of bifocal spectacle lenses. The article describes in detail about the installation and centering of lenses of this type, and also about various optical designs, including the Rodenstock range. This publication is a magazine version of one of the sections of the new «Handbook of Medical Optics» (St. Petersburg, 2017).

This article describes basic properties of the components of the Emoxypin plus. The study found that the Emoxypin plus contributes to the improvement of visual functions in patients with high visual load, for presbyopia and the early stages of age-related macular degeneration, with marked improvement of the subjective condition of the patients

Pecific examples show the distinctive features of the method of myopia laser correction, implemented on the Russian equipment Profile-500 (the Trans-PRK® trademark). On the basis of technical differences, the possibility of correcting very small and extremely high myopia (including thin corneas), and also a sharp decrease in the likelihood of postoperative hazes are described. Based on a comparison of the baseline data and the results of the performed operations, it is assumed that Trans-PRK® laser surgery can be performed on young people under the age of 18 years. These aspects significantly expand the scope of applicability of laser myopia correction. The results were partially reported and published in collections of studies from refractive conferences in the MNTK Eye Microsurgery. In this publication, specialists are invited to summarize information on the properties and results of the Trans-PRK technique application.

In the controversy with the opponent, the authors refine their concepts concerning the passage of light through the optical system of eye.