An introduction to contact lens materials

Abstract

This article explores how modern contact lens materials have evolved from heavy, oxygenblocking early plastics to advanced polymers that allow high oxygen flow, better comfort, and improved durability. Key innovations such as hydrogels, silicone components, and fluorinated monomers have greatly enhanced wettability, stability, and overall eye health. These developments continue to support safer and more effective lenses, including specialised designs like scleral and orthokeratology lenses.