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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2025-3-238-247</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-704</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные тенденции управления репаративными процессами после антиглаукоматозных операций (обзор литературы, часть 1)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current trends in the management of reparative processes after glaucoma surgery: A literature review (Part 1)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3484-1225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Билалов</surname><given-names>Э. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilalov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Билалов Эркин Назимович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии</p><p>100109, г. Ташкент, ул. Фароби, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Erkin N. Bilalov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Ophthalmology</p><p>2 Farobi Str., Tashkent, 100109</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.ben58@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-3622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахритдинова</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhriddinova</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бахритдинова Фазилат Арифовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>100109, г. Ташкент, ул. Фароби, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fazilat A. Bakhriddinova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Ophthalmology</p><p>2 Farobi Str., Tashkent, 100109</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakhritdinova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Билалов</surname><given-names>Б. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilalov</surname><given-names>B. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Билалов Баходир Эркинович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>100109, г. Ташкент, ул. Фароби, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bahodir E. Bilalov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology</p><p>2 Farobi Str., Tashkent, 100109</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tmaglaz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-3740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орипов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oripov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орипов Окилхон Ильёсович, кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель, кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>100109, г. Ташкент, ул. Фароби, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Okilkhon I. Oripov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Lecturer, Department of Ophthalmology</p><p>2 Farobi Str., Tashkent, 100109</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okil.oripov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ташкентская медицинская академия</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tashkent Medical Academy</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>238</fpage><lpage>247</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/704">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/704</self-uri><abstract><p>Глаукома – хроническое прогрессирующее заболевание, приводящее к значительной потере зрения и являющееся одной из ведущих причин слепоты. Один из наиболее эффективных методов лечения глаукомы – хирургический, направленный на снижение внутриглазного давления (ВГД) с помощью создания или восстановления путей оттока внутриглазной жидкости. Однако основной проблемой хирургии глаукомы остается развитие фиброза, что снижает эффективность вмешательства. Целью представленного обзора является систематизация современных представлений о механизмах репаративного процесса после антиглаукоматозных операций и выявление основных стратегий контроля рубцевания. Материал и методы. В I часть обзора включены научные статьи, опубликованные за последние 10 лет и посвященные механизму заживления операционной раны при хирургическом лечении глаукомы, методам профилактики фиброзных осложнений и перспективным терапевтическим стратегиям. Поиск проводился в базах данных PubMed, Scopus и Web of Science. В обзор вошли 59 статей. Результаты. Анализ работ показал, что основными факторами развития послеоперационного фиброза после антиглаукоматозных операций являются активация воспалительных процессов, гиперпродукция внеклеточного матрикса и дисрегуляция иммунного ответа. Стандартом профилактики после­ операционного фиброза остаются антиметаболиты в виде митомицина-C, который достоверно повышает успех трабекул­ эктомии. Тем не менее в высоких дозах он способен вызывать дистрофические и некротические изменения со стороны тканей глазной поверхности, тогда как 5‑фторурацил безопаснее, но должен вводиться серийно и менее эффективен. Комбинация низких доз с амниотической мембраной либо гидрогелевыми носителями уменьшает токсичность и пролонгирует действие препаратов. Таргетное ингибирование факторов роста в виде ингибиторов ангиогенеза пирфенидона и SB‑431542 демонстрирует высокий потенциал. Заключение. Эффективный контроль репаративных процессов должен быть многоуровневым: снижение воспаления, модификация клеточных сигналов и управление ремоделированием матрикса. Несмотря на прогресс, необходимы дальнейшие исследования для оптимизации комбинаций методов, уменьшения побочных эффектов и внедрения высокоточных биотехнологических решений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease leading to significant vision loss and remains one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Among the most effective treatment options is surgical intervention aimed at lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) by creating or restoring aqueous humor outflow pathways. However, the major challenge of glaucoma surgery is postoperative fibrosis, which reduces surgical success. Purpose. To systematize current understanding of the wound-healing response following glaucoma surgery and to identify key strategies for controlling scarring. Materials and methods. The first part of the review includes scientific articles published over the past 10 years, focusing on wound-healing mechanisms in glaucoma surgery, methods for preventing fibrotic complications, and promising therapeutic strategies. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, yielding 59 articles for analysis. Results. The analysis showed that the main drivers of postoperative fibrosis after glaucoma surgery are the activation of inflammatory pathways, overproduction of extracellular matrix, and immune dysregulation. Antimetabolites remain the gold standard for preventing postoperative fibrosis. Mitomycin-C (MMC) significantly improves trabeculectomy outcomes, but at high doses it may induce dystrophic and necrotic changes in ocular surface tissues. By contrast, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has a safer profile but requires serial administration and is less effective. Combining low doses of antimetabolites with an amniotic membrane or hydrogel carriers reduces toxicity and prolongs drug action. Targeted inhibition of growth factors—including angiogenesis inhibitors, pirfenidone, and SB-431542—demonstrates high therapeutic potential. Conclusion. Effective management of reparative processes after glaucoma surgery requires a multi-tiered approach, encompassing inflammation reduction, modulation of cellular signaling pathways, and controlled extracellular matrix remodeling. Despite progress, further research is needed to optimize combination therapies, minimize adverse effects, and implement advanced biotechnological strategies for greater precision in clinical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>антиглаукоматозная хирургия</kwd><kwd>послеоперационный фиброз</kwd><kwd>антиметаболиты</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы факторов роста</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>glaucoma surgery</kwd><kwd>postoperative fibrosis</kwd><kwd>antimetabolites</kwd><kwd>growth factor inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalloniatis M, Bui BB, Phu J. Glaucoma: challenges and opportunities. Clin Exp Optom. 2024;107(2):107–109. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2300295</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalloniatis M, Bui BB, Phu J. Glaucoma: challenges and opportunities. 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