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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2025-2-148-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-665</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полимерные синтетические материалы для контактных линз, их эволюция, свойства (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution and properties of polymeric synthetic materials for contact lenses: a literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2026-5960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhov AA</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малахов Антон Алексеевич, научный сотрудник</p><p>105118, г. Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, д. 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton A. Malakhov, Researcher</p><p>38, Entuziastov Highway, Moscow, 105118</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tony.malaxow1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Е. И</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Елена Ильинична, кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>105118, г. Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, д. 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Alekseeva, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher</p><p>38, Entuziastov Highway, Moscow, 105118</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alekseeva@eos.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8483-949X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стороженко</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Storozhenko</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стороженко Павел Аркадьевич, доктор химических наук, академик РАН, первый заместитель генерального директора</p><p>105118, г. Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, д. 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Storozhenko, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, First Deputy Director General</p><p>38, Entuziastov Highway, Moscow, 105118</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рускол</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruskol</surname><given-names>I. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рускол Ирина Юрьевна, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>105118, г. Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, д. 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Ruskol, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher</p><p>38, Entuziastov Highway, Moscow, 105118</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-4815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мягков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myagkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мягков Александр Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор; профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>127486, г. Москва, ул. Дегунинская, д. 7</p><p>119021, г. Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11а, б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Myagkov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director; Professor, Department of Ophthalmology</p><p>7, Deguninskaya Str., Moscow, 127486</p><p>11a, b, Rossolimo Str., Moscow, 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">6425908@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ АО «Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химии и технологии элементоорганических соединений»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНО «Национальный институт миопии»; ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней им. М.М. Краснова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Myopia Institute; Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/665">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/665</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. В настоящее время рынок контактных линз как в мире, так и в России динамично развивается. При этом отрасль включает в себя несколько классов контактных линз, различающихся по структуре и свойствам. В России собственные основные материалы для производства контактных линз практически отсутствуют. Поэтому представляется актуальным провести обзор литературных данных по методам изготовления линз и основного химического сырья для их создания. Цель: установление структуры материалов, используемых в производстве контактных линз, а также выделение достоинств и недостатков каждого материала для этих изделий. Материалы и методы. Для достижения поставленной цели был проведен литературный обзор 29 научных статей, посвященных методам изготовления контактных линз. При этом рассматривались материалы для контактных линз, оказавшие значительное влияние на дальнейшее развитие отрасли либо ставшие коммерческим продуктом. Результаты. Рассмотрена история открытия и исследованы направления развития стеклянных, полиметилметакрилатных, гидрогелевых и  силикон-гидрогелевых линз. Приведены структуры материалов различных классов: так, гидрогелевые линзы представляют собой сополимеры гидроксиэтилметакрилата, N‑винилпирролидона, N‑диметилакриламида и других органических мономеров; силикон-гидрогелевые – сополимеры указанных веществ и силиконовых олигомеров. Показано, что стеклянные и полиметилметакрилатные линзы слишком жесткие для комфортного ношения, а гидрогелевые оптимальны по модулю упругости, но не обеспечивают должного питания глаз кислородом. Основной раздел посвящен силикон-гидрогелевым линзам. Они безопасны за счет биоинертности силиконов, и потому основной научный интерес сейчас сосредоточен в этой области – ведутся активные поиски способов улучшения совместимости гидрофильных и  гидрофобных доменов силикон-гидрогеля, оптимальных структур силиконовых макромеров, способов модификации поверхности линзы и новых методов изготовления контактных линз. Рассмотрены четыре поколения коммерческих силикон-гидрогелевых материалов, а также новое направление исследований – подобные живым тканям материалы, в основе которых метакрилоксиэтилфосфорилхолин. Заключение. В сравнении с предшествующими классами линз силикон-гидрогелевые линзы на сегодняшний день являются наиболее продвинутыми, так как они обеспечивают наибольший комфорт для пользователя и лучше всего подходят для пролонгированного ношения за счет оптимального влагосодержания, кислородопроницаемости, модуля упругости и т.д. Новое перспективное направление – создание «биомиметических» контактных линз из  материалов со  структурой, похожей на структуру натуральных тканей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The global and Russian contact lens markets are experiencing dynamic growth, encompassing several distinct classes of lenses that differ in structure and properties. However, Russia currently lacks domestic base materials for the manufacturing of contact lenses. This highlights the relevance of reviewing the available literature on lens production methods and the primary chemical materials used in their fabrication. Purpose: to identify the material structures used in contact lens manufacturing and to analyze the advantages and limitations of each class of materials. Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted involving 29 scientific publications focusing on contact lens fabrication techniques. The review highlights materials that have significantly influenced the development of the industry or have reached the commercial market. Results. This review traces the historical development and current trends in the use of various materials for contact lenses, including glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), hydrogels, and silicone hydrogels. It outlines the molecular structures of these materials: hydrogel lenses are typically composed of copolymers such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, and other organic monomers. Silicone hydrogel lenses incorporate these hydrophilic components along with silicone oligomers. Glass and PMMA lenses are characterized by excessive rigidity, making them uncomfortable for everyday wear. In contrast, hydrogel lenses provide more appropriate elasticity but fall short in delivering sufficient oxygen to the cornea. The primary focus of the review is on silicone hydrogel lenses. These materials are considered safe due to the bioinert nature of silicones. Ongoing research is directed toward improving the compatibility between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, refining the architecture of silicone macromers, enhancing surface modification techniques, and exploring new manufacturing methods. The article also examines four generations of commercially available silicone hydrogel materials and highlights an emerging direction in the field: biomimetic lenses based on methacryloxyethyl phosphorylcholine – a compound that closely mimics the structural characteristics of natural tissues. Conclusion. Compared to previous lens generations, silicone hydrogel lenses represent the most advanced class of materials to date. They offer superior comfort and are best suited for extended wear due to their optimal moisture retention, oxygen permeability, and elasticity. An emerging area of interest is the development of biomimetic contact lenses made from tissue-like polymeric structures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>контактные линзы</kwd><kwd>полиметилметакрилат</kwd><kwd>гидрогели</kwd><kwd>силикон-гидрогели</kwd><kwd>влагосодержание</kwd><kwd>кислородопроницаемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>contact lenses</kwd><kwd>polymethyl methacrylate</kwd><kwd>hydrogels</kwd><kwd>silicone hydrogels</kwd><kwd>moisture content</kwd><kwd>oxygen permeability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nichols JJ, Fisher D. Contact lenses 2020. Contact Lens Spectr. 2021;36:24–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nichols JJ, Fisher D. Contact lenses 2020. 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