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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2025-2-133-138</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-663</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спектр клинических проявлений хороидеремии у носителей мутации в гене CНM в детском возрасте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical spectrum of choroideremia in pediatric carriers of CHM gene mutations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-8370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averianova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аверьянова Светлана Викторовна, врач-офтальмолог</p><p>664017, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, д. 337</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Averyanova , Ophthalmologist</p><p> 337, Lermontov Str., Irkutsk, 664033</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-7521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрьева</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iuryeva</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрьева Татьяна Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора; профессор кафедры глазных болезней; профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>664017, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, д. 337</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1</p><p>664049, г. Иркутск, м-н Юбилейный, д. 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana N. Iureva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor  – Deputy Director; Professor, Department of Eye Diseases; Professor</p><p>337, Lermontov Str., Irkutsk, 664033</p><p>1, Krasnogo Vosstaniya Str., Irkutsk, 664003</p><p>100, Yubileiny Microdistrict, Irkutsk, 664049</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-3307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадышев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyshev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадышев Виталий Викторович, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий отделением офтальмогенетики, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории генетической эпидемиологии, врач-генетик-офтальмолог</p><p>115522, г. Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy V. Kadyshev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor – Head of the Ophthalmogenetics Department, Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Geneticist-Ophthalmologist</p><p>1, Moskvorechye Str., Moscow, 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский филиал ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский филиал ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. академика С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава; ФГБОУ ВПО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution; Irkutsk State Medical University; Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician N.P. Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/663">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/663</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Хороидеремия (CHM, OMIM303100) представляет собой редкое (1:50 000 мужчин) наследственное двустороннее заболевание с Х‑сцепленным рецессивным типом наследования. Приводит к значительной потере зрения на фоне первичного поражения хориокапиллярного слоя сосудистой оболочки с последующей прогрессирующей атрофией пигментного эпителия сетчатки (ПЭС) и фоторецепторов. Женщины при данной патологии являются носителями патологического гена, а  в  ряде случаев имеют клинические проявления. Цель: представить особенности фенотипических проявлений хороидеремии у носителей мутации в гене CНM в детском возрасте. Материалы и методы. В статье описан клинический случай хороидеремии с мутацией в гене CHM двух сестер 4 и 2 лет, родители которых обратились к офтальмологу с жалобами на снижение зрения вдаль у старшей дочери. Помимо стандартного офтальмологического обследования пациентам проводили спектральную оптическую когерентную томографию (ОКТ) и электрофизиологические исследования (ЭФИ). Для верификации диагноза и выявления патогенной нуклеотидной последовательности заинтересованного гена проведено молекулярно-генетическое исследование с предварительным сбором семейного анамнеза. Результаты. Сбор семейного анамнеза и  комплексное обследование кровных родственников данной семьи в  3  поколениях установили Х‑сцепленный тип наследования заболевания. Острота зрения девочек с коррекцией составила 0,9. Высокая острота зрения пациенток коррелировала с состоянием фовеа по данным спектральной ОКТ, на которой сохранялась трехслойная структура: мембрана Бруха – ПЭС – наружная пограничная мембрана. Линия сочленения наружных и внутренних сегментов фоторецепторов отсутствовала на периферии скана, но сохранялась в пределах фовеа. Электрофизиологическое исследование провести было затруднительно в связи с возрастом пациенток. Генетическое обследование членов этой семьи выявило не описанный ранее как патогенный вариант нуклеотидной последовательности в экзоне 10 гена CНM, приводящий к появлению сайта преждевременной терминации трансляции в 445 кодоне (p.Ser445*), в гемизиготном состоянии. Данный вариант присущ такой форме наследственной дегенерации сетчатки (НДС), как хороидеремия. Заключение. Таким образом, этиопатогенетический подход и генетическое обследование позволили корректно верифицировать форму НДС, а именно хороидеремию. Носители патогенного варианта нуклеотидной последовательности в экзоне 10 гена CНM даже в детском возрасте имеют признаки хориоретинальной дегенерации, выявляемые по данным ОКТ и ЭФИ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Choroideremia (CHM, OMIM 303100) is a rare (1 in 50,000 males) hereditary bilateral retinal dystrophy with an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. The disease leads to progressive vision loss due to the primary degeneration of the choriocapillaris, followed by progressive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. Female carriers of pathogenic variants in the CHM gene may also manifest clinical symptoms. Purpose: to present the phenotypic characteristics of choroideremia in pediatric carriers of a CHM gene mutation. Materials and methods. This article describes a clinical case of choroideremia associated with a CHM gene mutation in two sisters aged 4 and 2 years. The parents consulted an ophthalmologist due to complaints of reduced distance vision in the elder daughter. In addition to standard ophthalmologic examination, both patients underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and electrophysiological testing (ERG). Molecular genetic testing was conducted for diagnostic confirmation and detection of the pathogenic nucleotide variant, preceded by collection of family history. Results. A detailed pedigree analysis and comprehensive examination of biological relatives across three generations confirmed an X-linked mode of inheritance of the disease. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in both girls was 0.9. The high visual acuity correlated with the preserved foveal architecture observed on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), which demonstrated an intact trilaminar structure comprising Bruch’s membrane, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the external limiting membrane. The ellipsoid zone (EZ), corresponding to the junction between the inner and outer segments of photoreceptors, was absent in the peripheral retina but remained preserved within the foveal region. Electrophysiological evaluation was limited due to the young age of the patients. Molecular genetic testing of family members revealed a previously unreported pathogenic variant in exon 10 of the CHM gene, resulting in a premature stop codon at position 445 (p.Ser445*) in a hemizygous state. This variant is consistent with the molecular characteristics of choroideremia, a form of inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). Conclusion. An etiopathogenetic diagnostic approach and molecular genetic testing enabled the accurate identification of the specific IRD subtype–choroideremia. Pediatric carriers of the pathogenic variant in exon 10 of the CHM gene may exhibit early signs of chorioretinal degeneration, detectable by OCT and ERG.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хороидеремия</kwd><kwd>ген CHM</kwd><kwd>электроретинография</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>ОКТ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>choriodermia</kwd><kwd>CHM gene</kwd><kwd>electroretinography</kwd><kwd>OCT</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щербатова ОИ, Зуева МВ. Наследственные заболевания хориоидеи. В кн.: Шамшинова АМ, ред. Наследственные и врожденные заболевания сетчатки и зрительного нерва. М.: Медицина; 2001. С. 447–455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbatova OI, Zueva MV. Hereditary diseases of the choroid. In: Shamshinovа AM, ed. Hereditary and congenital retinal diseases. 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