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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2025-1-25-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-625</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этапное хирургическое лечение осложненной начальной катаракты у пациентов с далекозашедшей пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Staged surgical treatment of complicated early cataracts in patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-9111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалова</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalova</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коновалова Карина Игоревна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры, врач-офтальмолог</p><p>105203, г. Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karina I. Konovalova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Ophthalmologist</p><p>70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya Str., Moscow, 105203</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaleria1992@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-6153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкин</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkin</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шишкин Михаил Михайлович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный офтальмолог</p><p>105203, г. Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michael M. Shishkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, ChiefOphthalmologist</p><p>70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya Str., Moscow, 105203</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmshishkin@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-3572</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файзрахманов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Faizrakhmanov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Файзрахманов Ринат Рустамович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделением</p><p>105203, г. Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat R. Faizrakhmanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Headof Department</p><p>70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya Str., Moscow, 105203</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rinatrf@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-6282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павловский</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlovsky</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павловский Олег Александрович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры, врач-офтальмолог</p><p>105203, г. Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Pavlovsky, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor,Ophthalmologist</p><p>70, Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya Str., Moscow, 105203</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olegpavlovskiy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/625">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/625</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Золотым стандартом хирургического лечения пациентов c далекозашедшей стадией пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатии (ПДР) является витреоретинальная хирургия (ВРХ). При этом вопрос о сроках удаления начальной катаракты у данной категории больных остается открытым до настоящего времени. Цель: оценить эффективность выполнения факоэмульсификации осложненной начальной катаракты вторым этапом после витреоретинальной хирургии у пациентов с далекозашедшей пролиферативной диабетической ретинопатией. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 216 пациентов с ПДР и осложненной начальной катарактой, разделенных на четыре группы. I группа (n = 77): первый этап – ВРХ с силиконовой тампонадой; второй этап – факоэмульсификация катаракты (ФЭК) c имплантацией интраокулярной линзы (ИОЛ) одновременно с удалением силиконового масла. II группа (n = 76): первый этап – ФЭК с имплантацией ИОЛ одномоментно с ВРХ + силиконовая тампонада; второй этап – удаление силиконового масла из витреальной полости. В I и II группах были выделены подгруппы a и b. В подгруппах Ia (n = 62) и IIa (n = 62) операции были выполнены по вышеописанным методикам, у части пациентов этих подгрупп (n = 17) были исследованы образцы слезной жидкости перед операцией и на 2‑й день после 1‑го этапа. Всем пациентам в подгруппах Ib (n = 15) и IIb (n = 14) было выполнено интравитреальное введение ингибитора ангиогенеза за 10–14 дней до ВРХ в дозе 0,5 мг однократно. III группа (n = 32): первый этап – ВРХ с газовоздушной тампонадой, второй этап – ФЭК c имплантацией ИОЛ. В IV группе (n = 31) ФЭК выполняли одновременно с ВРХ с тампонадой газовоздушной смесью. Результаты. Пациенты в подгруппе Ia и III группе имели лучшие результаты зрительных функций, чем пациенты в подгруппе IIa и IV группе соответственно (р &lt; 0,001). Выраженность воспалительной реакции (2–3 балла) была статистически значимо выше у пациентов IIa подгруппы (p &lt; 0,001) и IV группы (p &lt; 0,001) относительно пациентов Ia подгруппы и III группы соответственно. Развитие неоваскулярной глаукомы статистически значимо чаще регистрировали у пациентов IIa подгруппы (n = 9; 14,5%), чем у пациентов Iа подгруппы (n = 2; 3,2%), p = 0,027. Также наблюдали более высокую частоту развития неоваскулярной глаукомы в IV группе (n = 6; 19,3%) по сравнению с III группой (n = 1; 3,1%), р = 0,04. В подгруппе IIa была выявлена в 2–2,5 раза более высокая концентрация молекул IL‑8, MCP‑1 и ICAM‑1 по сравнению с подгруппой Ia. Заключение. Выполнение факоэмульсификации начальной катаракты вторым этапом после ВРХ у пациентов с далекозашедшей ПДР обеспечивает щадящий подход к хирургическому лечению у данной категории пациентов. Это позволяет улучшить анатомические и функциональные результаты, способствуя снижению числа и выраженности послеоперационных осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The gold standard for surgical treatment of patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is vitreoretinal surgery (VRS). However, the optimal timing for the removal of early cataracts in this patient category remains an open question. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of phacoemulsification of complicated early cataracts as a second stage after VRS in patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy PDR. Material and methods. The study included 216 patients diagnosed with PDR and complicated early cataracts. These patients were divided into four groups based on the surgical approach. Group I (n = 77): Stage 1 – vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) with silicone tamponade: Stage 2 – phacoemulsification of cataracts (PhEC) with intraocular lens (IOL; implantation performed simultaneously with silicone oil removal. Group II (n = 76): Stage 1 – PhEC with IOL implantation combined with VRS and silicone tamponade; Stage 2 – silicone oil removal from the vitreous cavity. Groups I and II were further divided into two subgroups. Subgroup Ia (n = 62): operations were performed as described above. Tear fluid samples were collected from some patients (n = 17) before surgery and on the second day after Stage 1. Subgroup Ib (n = 15): patients received an intravitreal injection of an angiogenesis inhibitor 10–14 days before VRS in a single dose of 0.5 mg. Subgroup IIa (n = 62): operations were performed as described above. Tear fluid samples were collected from some patients (n = 17) before surgery and on the second day after Stage 1. Subgroup IIb (n = 14): patients received an intravitreal injection of an angiogenesis inhibitor 10–14 days before VRS in a single dose of 0.5 mg. Group III (n = 32): Stage 1 – VRS with gas-air tamponade. Stage 2 – PhEC with IOL implantation. Group IV (n = 31): PhEC was performed simultaneously with VRS using a gas-air mixture for tamponade. Results. Patients in subgroup Ia and Group III showed better visual function outcomes compared to those in subgroup IIa and Group IV, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The intensity of the inflammatory response (2–3 points) was significantly higher in subgroup IIa (p &lt; 0.001) and Group IV (p &lt; 0.001) compared to subgroup Ia and Group III, respectively. Neovascular glaucoma was significantly more common in subgroup IIa patients (n = 9; 14.5%) compared to subgroup Ia (n = 2; 3.2%, p = 0.027). Similarly, the incidence of neovascular glaucoma was higher in Group IV (n = 6; 19.3%) compared to Group III (n = 1; 3.1%, p = 0.04). Subgroup IIa showed 2–2.5 times higher concentrations of IL-8, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 molecules compared to subgroup Ia. Conclusion. Phacoemulsification of early cataracts as a second stage after VRS in patients with advanced PDR provides a gentle approach to surgical treatment for this category of patients. This approach improves anatomical and functional outcomes and reduces the number and severity of postoperative complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пролиферативная диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>витреоретинальная хирургия</kwd><kwd>факоэмульсификация</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы ангиогенеза</kwd><kwd>иммунологические исследования слезной жидкости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proliferative diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>vitreoretinal surgery</kwd><kwd>phacoemulsification</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis inhibitors</kwd><kwd>immunological studies of tear fluid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Липатов ДВ, Александрова ВК, Атарщиков ДС и др. Эпидемиология и регистр диабетической ретинопатии в Российской Федерации. 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