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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2025-1-7-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-623</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность нецентральной зрительной фиксации среди детей с офтальмологической патологией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence of eccentric visual fixation among children with ophthalmic pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-4815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мягков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myagkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Владимирович Мягков, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор АНО «Национальный институт миопии»; профессор кафедры офтальмологии ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней им. М.М. Краснова»</p><p>127486, г. Москва, ул. Дегунинская, д. 7</p><p>119021, г. Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11 а, б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Myagkov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director of the National Myopia Institute; Professor at the Department of Ophthalmology, Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases</p><p>7, Deguninskaya Str., Moscow, 127486</p><p>11a, b, Rossolimo Str., Moscow, 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">6425908@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4580-5502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярмамедов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarmamedov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Муталифович Ярмамедов, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник АНО «Национальный институт миопии»; врач-офтальмолог офтальмологической клиники «Кругозор»</p><p>127486, г. Москва, ул. Дегунинская, д. 7</p><p>127486, г. Москва, ул. Дегунинская , д. 7, пом. 1Н</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry M. Yarmamedov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher at the National Myopia Institute; ophthalmologist at the “Krugozor” Eye Clinic</p><p>7, Deguninskaya Str., Moscow, 127486</p><p>7, room 1H, Deguninskaya Str., Moscow, 127486</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d-yarmamedov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Викторовна Игнатова, врач-офтальмолог, руководитель медицинского центра детской офтальмологии глазной клиники «Инвизер»</p><p>295026, г. Симферополь, ул. Мичурина, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Ignatova, Ophthalmologist, Head of the PediatricOphthalmology Medical Center at the “Inviser” Eye Clinic</p><p>14, Michurina Str., Simferopol, 295026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Innosha5@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНО «Национальный институт миопии»; ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней им. М.М. Краснова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Myopia Institute; Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНО «Национальный институт миопии»; Офтальмологическая клиника «Кругозор»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Myopia Institute; “Krugozor” Eye Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр детской офтальмологии «Инвизер»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“Inviser” Eye Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/623">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/623</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. По различным данным распространенность амблиопии достигает 6% среди детской популяции и 5,6% во взрослой популяции. У пациентов с амблиопией снижена скорость чтения и способность к обучению, нарушена мелкая моторика, снижено или отсутствует стереозрение. Состояние зрительной фиксации влияет на успех лечения – дети с центральной зрительной фиксацией (ЦЗФ) и нецентральной зрительной фиксацией (НЦЗФ) требуют различной тактики ведения. Однако на данный момент отсутствуют аналитические данные о количестве пациентов с НЦЗФ в группах с различной офтальмологической патологией и способах ее определения. Цель: выявить и рекомендовать к внедрению в клиническую практику наиболее распространенную методику определения зрительной фиксации, определить количество детей с нецентральной зрительной фиксацией среди пациентов с различной офтальмологической патологией. Материалы и  методы. В  настоящей работе проанализированы результаты российских и  зарубежных исследований распространенности нецентральной фиксации у детей. В обзор включены результаты 30 экспериментальных, наблюдательных, ретроспективных и сравнительных публикаций, в которых приведены данные о состоянии зрительной фиксации у пациентов с различной офтальмологической патологией и методах ее определения. Результаты. По результатам анализа полнотекстовых статей было отобрано 8 исследований, опубликованных в период между 2017 и 2024 годами, и 1 исследование 2009 года. На основании этих работ приведены данные об офтальмологическом статусе, зрительной фиксации и методике ее определения у 1510 человек. По результатам анализа было выявлено, что среди пациентов с анизометропией 93,1% имеют центральную зрительную фиксацию, 6% – НЦЗФ, у 5 человек выявлена неустойчивая ЦЗФ. У пациентов с установленным диагнозом «косоглазие без сочетанной патологии» 74,2% имеют ЦЗФ, у 21,7% выявлена НЦЗФ, а у 4,2% – неустойчивая ЦЗФ. Данные соотносятся с группой пациентов с косоглазием и анизометропией: ЦЗФ выявлена у 72,3% обследованных пациентов, НЦЗФ зафиксирована у 25,5%, а неустойчивая ЦЗФ – у 2,2%. Наибольший процент НЦЗФ выявлен среди детей с амблиопией и/или косоглазием – 27,5%. Основной и приемлемой по доступности методикой для определения зрительной фиксации в 9 приведенных исследованиях явилось исследование с использованием прямого офтальмоскопа (проведено у ¾ пациентов). Заключение. НЦЗФ чаще всего встречается у детей с косоглазием и амблиопией. Наиболее распространенная методика диагностики НЦЗФ – исследование с помощью прямого офтальмоскопа. Это доступный метод для любого кабинета офтальмолога, что позволяет рекомендовать его к широкому внедрению в клиническую практику.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The prevalence of amblyopia is reported to reach 6% among children and 5.6% among adults. Patients with amblyopia exhibit reduced reading speed, impaired learning abilities, disrupted fine motor skills, and diminished or absent stereopsis. The state of visual fixation significantly impacts treatment outcomes, as children with central visual fixation (CVF) and eccentric visual fixation (EVF) require different management strategies. However, there is a lack of analytical data regarding the prevalence of EVF among patients with various ophthalmic pathologies and methods for its evaluation. Objective: to identify and recommend the most common method for assessing visual fixation for clinical practice and to determine the prevalence of EVF among children with different ophthalmic condition. Materials and methods. This study reviewed the findings of both Russian and international research on the prevalence of EVF in children. The review included 30 experimental, observational, retrospective, and comparative publications that provided data on visual fixation status in patients with various ophthalmic conditions and the methods used to assess it. Results. Analysis of full-text articles led to the selection of eight studies published between 2017 and 2024 and one from 2009. These studies encompassed data on the ophthalmic status, visual fixation, and methods of assessment for 1,510 individuals. Among patients with anisometropia, 93.1% exhibited CVF, 6% had EVF, and five patients demonstrated unstable CVF. For patients diagnosed with strabismus without concomitant pathology, 74.2% had CVF, 21.7% had EVF, and 4.2% showed unstable CVF. Among patients with strabismus combined with anisometropia, CVF was found in 72.3%, EVF in 25.5%, and unstable CVF in 2.2%. The highest prevalence of EVF (27.5%) was observed among children with amblyopia and/or strabismus. The most commonly utilized and accessible method for assessing visual fixation across nine studies was direct ophthalmoscopy, performed in three-quarters of the cases. Conclusion. EVF is most frequently encountered in children with strabismus and amblyopia. The use of direct ophthalmoscopy as a diagnostic method for EVF is accessible for any ophthalmology office and is recommended for widespread implementation in clinical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>амблиопия</kwd><kwd>косоглазие</kwd><kwd>зрительная фиксация</kwd><kwd>центральная зрительная фиксация</kwd><kwd>нецентральная зрительная фиксация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>amblyopia</kwd><kwd>strabismus</kwd><kwd>visual fixation</kwd><kwd>central visual fixation</kwd><kwd>eccentric visual fixation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salmon JF. 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