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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2024-2-116-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-535</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вителлиформные субретинальные депозиты: общность патогенеза и многообразие клинической картины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vitelliform subretinal deposits: shared pathogenesis and clinical diversity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенова Наталия Сергеевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии факультета фундаментальной медицины.</p><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр., д. 27, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya S. Semenova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Ophthalmology Department of the Faculty of Fundamental Medicine.</p><p>27/1, Lomonosov Ave., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semenovans@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-3385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Педанова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pedanova</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Педанова Елена Константиновна - кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отдела лазерной хирургии сетчатки.</p><p>127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бульвар, д. 59а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Pedanova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher at the Retina Laser Surgery Department.</p><p>59а, Beskudnikovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/535">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/535</self-uri><abstract><p>С момента своего первого описания вителлиформная макулярная дистрофия Беста прочно ассоциировалась с типичными депозитами сетчатки – субретинальными желтоватыми отложениями, имеющими на оптической когерентной томографии гиперрефлективную структуру и локализацию над слоем пигментного эпителия сетчатки. Но работы по этой тематике малочисленны. На сегодня достигнуто понимание, что при общем патофизиологическом механизме отложения вителлиформных депозитов данный процесс может быть частью патогенеза широкого спектра как генетических, так и приобретенных состояний.</p><p>Целью настоящего обзора является актуализация представлений о генетически обусловленных и приобретенных заболеваниях сетчатки, которые могут сопровождаться образованием подобных отложений.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено библиографическое исследование научных публикаций баз данных: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Cyberleninka. В обзор включены 16 работ, в основном за последние 10 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Совершенствование инструментальной и генетической диагностики продемонстрировало, что вителлиформные субретинальные изменения не являются специфичным признаком болезни Беста, а, скорее, выступают в роли еще одного биомаркера, свидетельствующего о нарушении метаболизма наружных слоев сетчатки. Предполагают, что вне зависимости от этиологии ведущим провоцирующим фактором для формирования подобных депозитов является разобщение наружных сегментов фоторецепторов и нарушение фагоцитарной функции клеток пигментного эпителия сетчатки. Статья излагает современное представление о предполагаемой этиологии и патофизиологии вителлиформных отложений, а также описывает клиническую характеристику, специфику проявлений и прогноз течения заболеваний, ассоциированных с данным явлением. Рассматриваются заболевания, для которых выявлены генетические поломки гена BEST1 (бестрофинопатии) и PRPH2, а также такие распространенные приобретенные состояния, как возрастная макулярная дегенерация и витреоретинальный тракционный синдром.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Приведенная клиническая характеристика на основе мультимодальной визуализации должна помочь проводить дифференциальную диагностику и прогнозировать течение процесса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since its initial description, Best vitelliform macular dystrophy has been strongly linked to characteristic retinal lesions—subretinal yellowish accumulations, with a hyperreflective structure on optical coherence tomography, situated above the retinal pigment epithelium layer. However, research on this topic remains scarce. It is now recognized that, within the common pathophysiological mechanism of vitelliform lesion formation, this process may contribute to the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of both genetic and acquired conditions.</p><p>The purpose of this review is to update our understanding of genetically determined and acquired retinal diseases associated with the formation of such lesions.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. analysis of scientific publications from databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cyberleninka was conducted. The review encompasses 16 studies, predominantly from the past decade.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Advances in instrumental and genetic diagnostics have revealed that vitelliform subretinal changes are not exclusive to Best disease but serve as another biomarker, indicating disruption in the metabolism of outer retinal layers. It is hypothesized that, irrespective of etiology, the primary triggering factor for lesion formation is the disjunction of outer segments of photoreceptors and impairment of phagocytic function in retinal pigment epithelial cells. This article presents a contemporary perspective on the presumed etiology and pathophysiology of vitelliform lesions, alongside clinical characteristics, manifestations, and prognosis of diseases associated with this phenomenon. Diseases with identified genetic mutations in the BEST1 gene (Bestrophinopathies) and PRPH2, as well as common acquired conditions like age-related macular degeneration and vitreoretinal traction syndrome, are discussed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The provided clinical characteristics, supported by multimodal visualization, are expected to aid in differential diagnosis and prognostication of the disease course.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вителлиформные депозиты</kwd><kwd>вителлиформная макулярная дистрофия Беста</kwd><kwd>вителлиформная макулярная дистрофия взрослых</kwd><kwd>вителлиформная макулопатия</kwd><kwd>бестрофинопатия</kwd><kwd>пигментный ретинит</kwd><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>токсическая макулопатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vitelliform lesions</kwd><kwd>Best vitelliform macular dystrophy</kwd><kwd>adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy</kwd><kwd>vitelliform maculopathy</kwd><kwd>bestrophinopathy</kwd><kwd>pigmentary retinopathy</kwd><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>toxic maculopathy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">авторы не получали финансирование при проведении исследования и написании статьи</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the authors received no specific funding for this work</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arora R, Khan K, Kasilian ML, Strauss RW, Holder GE, Robson AG, et al. 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