glazmagThe EYE ГЛАЗThe EYE GLAZ2222-44082686-8083Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии10.33791/2222-4408-2023-4-312-320glazmag-492Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWSПатогенез прогрессирующей миопии (обзор литературы)Pathogenesis of progressive myopia (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-4815МягковА. В.MyagkovA. V.

Мягков Александр Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор

125438,  Москва, ул. Михалковская, д. 63б, стр. 4

Alexander V. Myagkov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director

63b, bld. 4, Mikhalkovskaya Str., Moscow, 125438

6425908@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-2522-9255ЗенковаЕ. С.ZenkovaE. S.

Зенкова Елена Сергеевна, врач-офтальмолог, научный сотрудник отдела ортокератологии и контроля миопии

125438,  Москва, ул. Михалковская, д. 63б, стр. 4

Elena S. Zenkova, Ophthalmologist, Researcher of the Department of Orthokeratology and Myopia Control

63b, bld. 4, Mikhalkovskaya Str., Moscow, 125438

e.zenkova@okvision.ruАНО «Национальный институт миопии»РоссияNational Myopia InstituteRussian Federation202318122023254312320Copyright © Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 20232023Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрииАкадемия медицинской оптики и оптометрииhttps://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/492

Введение. Увеличение распространенности прогрессирующей миопии и ее осложнений диктует необходимость выявления надежных диагностических маркеров и новых рациональных терапевтических тактик, основанных на результатах изучения механизмов развития миопии. Цель: дать оценку современным представлениям о патогенезе прогрессирующей миопии в свете развития новых эффективных методов ее контроля и лечения. Материалы и методы. Проведено библиографическое исследование публикаций баз данных научной информации: Pubmed, eLibrary, Cyberleninka за последние 10 лет. Было проанализировано более 100 источников, вошли 60 работ. Результаты. В данном обзоре рассмотрены как широко, так и менее известные теории, объясняющие причины и механизмы прогрессирования миопии. Публикации демонстрируют важность проблемы и позволяют значительно расширить представления о патогенезе развития этого заболевания. Анализ источников литературы позволил привести важные доказательства роли наследственности, морфологии склеры, периферического дефокуса и других факторов в развитии прогрессирующей миопии, а также результаты экспериментальных исследований по изучению ключевых механизмов ее развития. Однако патогенез прогрессирующей миопии остается в настоящее время до конца не изученным. Более того, каждая из теорий, объясняющих развитие миопии, получила многократное подтверждение в результатах других исследований. Это не только укрепляет их доказательную базу, но и выявляет общие пункты, где теории пересекаются, что постепенно приводит к формированию общего консенсуса относительно этиопатогенеза данного заболевания. Заключение. Расширение знаний о процессах, приводящих к прогрессированию миопии, открывает новые возможности для разработки новых эффективных методов, которые будут обеспечивать ее контроль и стабилизацию с учетом патогенеза

Background. The increasing prevalence of progressive myopia and its complications necessitates the identifi cation of reliable diagnostic markers and new rational therapeutic tactics based on the results of studying the mechanisms of myopia development. Purpose: to assess the current understanding of the pathogenesis of progressive myopia in the light of the development of new effective methods of its control and treatment. Materials and methods. A bibliographic study of scientifi c publications of scientifi c information databases: Pubmed, eLibrary, Cyberleninka for the last 10 years was carried out. More than 100 sources were analyzed. The work included a review of 60 works. Results. This review considers both well-known and lesser-known theories that explain the causes and mechanisms of myopia progression. The publications demonstrate the importance of the problem of myopia development and allow us to signifi cantly expand the understanding of the mechanisms of development of this disease. The analysis of literature sources allowed us to provide important evidence of the role of heredity, s clera morphology, peripheral defocus and other factors in the development of progressive myopia, as well as the results of experimental studies on the key mechanisms of its development. However, the pathogenesis of progressive myopia is currently not fully understood. Moreover, each of the theories explaining the development of myopia has been repeatedly confi rmed in the results of other studies. This not only strengthens their evidence base, but also reveals common points where theories overlap, which gradually leads to the formation of a common consensus on the etiopathogenesis of this disease. Conclusions. Increased knowledge of the processes leading to the progression of myopia opens new opportunities for the development of effective methods that will ensure its control and stabilization, taking into account its pathogenesis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.