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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2023-3-225-233</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-472</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Медикаментозная терапия конъюнктивитов. Литературный обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical therapy for conjunctivitis. Literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилин Александр Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>125371, г. Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Trubilin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Ophthalmology Department</p><p>91, Volokolamskoye Highway, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-0661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полунина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluninа</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полунина Елизавета Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>125371, г. Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta G. Poluninа, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Ophthalmology Department</p><p>91, Volokolamskoye Highway, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожухов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhukhov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кожухов Арсений Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>125371, г. Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arseniy A. Kozhukhov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Ophthalmology Department</p><p>91, Volokolamskoye Highway, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurenkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куренков Вячеслав Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель</p><p>121609, г. Москва, Рублевское ш., д. 48/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav V. Kurenkov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief </p><p>48, Rublevskoye Highway, Moscow, 121609</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moreva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морева Надежда Владимировна, офтальмохирург отделения микрохирургии глаза</p><p>603005, г. Нижний Новгород, Верхневолжская наб., д. 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda V.Moreva, Ophthalmic surgeon of the Department of Eye Microsurgery</p><p>21, Verkhnevolzhskaya Emb., Nizhny Novgorod, 603005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилин Александр Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>125371, г. Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Trubilin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Ophthalmology Department</p><p>91, Volokolamskoye Highway, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия постдипломного образования ФБГУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Клиника доктора Куренкова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ophthalmology Clinic of Dr. Kurenkov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Нижегородской области «Городская клиническая больница № 3»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 3</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>225</fpage><lpage>233</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/472">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/472</self-uri><abstract><p>Конъюнктивит, по данным различных исследований, является самой частой причиной обращения на первичный амбулаторный прием и может быть вызван несколькими факторами одновременно. Лечение проводят комплексно, в зависимости от клинической картины, соматического статуса и данных анамнеза. В соответствии с клиническими рекомендациями, разработанными Российской ассоциацией врачей-офтальмологов, рекомендованы к применению следующие группы лекарственных препаратов: антибактериальные, антисептические, антигистаминные, нестероидные противовоспалительные.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести анализ применения вышеуказанных групп препаратов при лечении конъюнктивитов по данным литературы для рекомендации обоснованного назначения необходимой терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Представлены данные по изучению особенностей действия перечисленных фармакологических групп при лечении конъюнктивитов, полученные на ресурсах PubMed, eLibrary, Crossref Metadata, в основном за последние 20 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наличие признаков аллергической реакции предполагает назначение противоаллергических препаратов с множественными фармакологическими эффектами: блокада гистаминовых рецепторов, стабилизация мембран тучных клеток и подавление фильтрации эозинофилов. Учитывая разные механизмы действия внутри этой группы препаратов, необходимо подбирать их в индивидуальном порядке. При назначении таблетированных форм антигистаминных препаратов нужно помнить о том, что при длительном их применении они могут вызвать у пациентов ощущение сухости глаза. В тех случаях, когда противоаллергические средства не позволяют адекватно контролировать аллергический воспалительный процесс, применяют противовоспалительные средства. В качестве таких препаратов используют нестероидные и стероидные средства. Как правило, нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты рекомендованы к назначению при хронических конъюнктивитах и пациентам с системными заболеваниями в анамнезе. Стероидные препараты показаны при тяжелых формах проявления аллергического процесса на глазах, также они рекомендованы к применению короткими курсами (до 2 недель), а при более длительном их использовании необходим контроль внутриглазного давления. Данные литературы свидетельствуют об отсутствии эффективности применения таких противовирусных препаратов, как ацикловир и другие из данной группы, в лечении конъюнктивитов аденовирусной этиологии. Широкое применение нашли препараты с иммуномодулирующим эффектом на основе интерферона или индукторов синтеза интерферона. Назначение антибиотиков должно быть оправданным, так как в последние годы в значительной степени повысился уровень резистентности к ним. Альтернативой антибиотикам являются антисептики, имеющие широкий спектр действия (бактерии, вирусы, грибы и простейшие), однако необходимо помнить о том, что данная группа препаратов достаточно часто вызывает аллергические реакции.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. К лечению конъюнктивитов необходимо подходить взвешенно, учитывая не только этиологию заболевания, но и соматический и иммунный статус пациента. Чтобы избежать негативных эффектов от применения антибиотиков, нужно заменять их на альтернативные препараты и не использовать при лечении конъюнктивитов небактериальной природы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Conjunctivitis, according to various studies, is the most common reason for going to the initial outpatient appointment and can be caused by several factors at the same time. Treatment is carried out comprehensively, depending on the clinical picture, somatic status and anamnesis data. In accordance with the clinical guidelines developed by the Russian Association of Ophthalmologists, the following groups of drugs are recommended for use: antibacterial, antiseptic, antihistamine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.</p><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to analyze the use of the above groups of drugs in the treatment of conjunctivitis in order to recommend a reasonable prescription of the necessary therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The literature data on the study of the features of the action of the above pharmacological groups in the treatment of conjunctivitis, obtained on the resources of PubMed, eLibrary, Crossref Metadata, mainly over the past 20 years, are presented.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The presence of signs of an allergic reaction involves the appointment of antiallergic drugs with multiple pharmacological effects – blockade of histamine receptors, stabilization of mast cell membranes and suppression of eosinophil filtration. Given the different mechanisms of action within this group of drugs, it is necessary to select them individually. When prescribing tablet forms of antihistamines, it must be remembered that with prolonged use, they can cause patients to feel dry in their eyes. In cases where the above antiallergic drugs do not adequately control the allergic inflammatory process, anti-inflammatory drugs are used. Nonsteroidal and steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are used as anti-inflammatory drugs. Usually nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended for use in chronic conjunctivitis and patients with a history of systemic diseases. Steroid drugs are indicated for severe forms of manifestation of the allergic process on the eyes, as well as the appointment of steroid anti-inflammatory drugs is recommended for use in short courses (up to 2 weeks), and with their longer use, control of intraocular pressure is necessary. Literature data indicate the lack of efficacy of antiviral drugs such as acyclovir and others from this group in the treatment of conjunctivitis of adenoviral etiology. Drugs with an immunomodulatory effect based on interferon or inducers of interferon synthesis are widely used. The prescription of antibiotics should be justified, since in recent years the level of resistance to them has significantly increased. Antiseptics that have a wide spectrum of action (bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa) are an alternative to antibiotics, but it must be remembered that this group of drugs often causes allergic reactions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The treatment of conjunctivitis must be approached carefully, taking into account not only the etiology of the disease, but also the somatic and immune status of the patient. To avoid the negative effects of the use of antibiotics, replace them with alternative drugs and do not use them in the treatment of conjunctivitis of a non-bacterial nature.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>офтальмология</kwd><kwd>конъюнктивиты</kwd><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>антигистаминные</kwd><kwd>стероиды</kwd><kwd>нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>синдром сухого глаза</kwd><kwd>синдром красного глаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ophthalmology</kwd><kwd>conjunctivitis</kwd><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>antihistamines</kwd><kwd>steroids</kwd><kwd>non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd><kwd>dry eye syndrome</kwd><kwd>red eye syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Granet D. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and differential diagnosis of the red eye. 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