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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2023-3-187-202</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-468</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности восприятия цветовых стимулов при ахроматопсии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of perception of color stimuli in achromatopsia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-8950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Светлана Игоревна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории, доцент кафедры глазных болезней</p><p>127051, г. Москва, Большой Каретный пер., д. 19</p><p>123098, г. Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Rychkova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Оphthalmologist, Lead researcher of Vision Physiology laboratory, Department of Eye Diseases</p><p>19, Bolshoy Karetny Lane, Moscow, 127051</p><p>15, Gamalei Str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lana.rych@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-7217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихванцева</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhvantseva</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лихванцева Вера Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии </p><p>125371, г. Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera G. Likhvantseva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Ophthalmology</p><p>91, Volokolamskoye Highway, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">likhvantseva-4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3163-2943</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сандимиров</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sandimirov</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сандимиров Роман Игоревич, студент</p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman I. Sandimirov, Studen</p><p>1, Ostrovityanovа Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sandimirov.roman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт проблем передачи информации им. А.А. Харкевича» РАН ; Медико-биологический университет инноваций и непрерывного образования ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems ; Medico-biological University of Innovation and Continuing Education of Russian State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия постдипломного образования ФБГУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>187</fpage><lpage>202</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/468">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/468</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Исследование цветовосприятия у пациентов с ахроматопсией помогает вовремя выявить и дифференцировать данную патологию от заболеваний, имеющих схожую клиническую симптоматику. Это становится все более актуальным в связи с ведущимися разработками в области вирус-векторной терапии с использованием аденоассоциированного вируса, несущего гены CNGB3 и CNGA3.</p><p>Цель – исследовать особенности восприятия цветных изображений пациентами с ахроматопсией, используя, помимо общепринятых, разработанные собственные тесты для количественной оценки яркости воспринимаемых изображений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. С января по май 2022 г. наблюдали пять пациентов школьного возраста (12–17 лет) с врожденной колбочковой дисфункцией (полной ахроматопсией), группа контроля включала 36 школьников от 10 до 17 (в среднем 13,4 ± 0,5) лет с нормальным состоянием зрительных функций. Офтальмологическое обследование включало стандартные методы. У детей с ахроматопсией учитывали данные оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) и показатели электрофизиологических исследований (ЭФИ). Для оценки цветового зрения использовали следующие методы: полихроматические таблицы Е. Б. Рабкина, Neitz Test, дихотомический тест Фарнсворта – Манселла D-15 (Farnsworth–Munsell Dichotomodus D-15 Test), исследование поля зрения на белый и цветные стимулы (на периметре ПНР-03). Кроме того, у детей с ахроматопсией сравнивали восприятие цветовых стимулов и ахроматических, используя специальные собственные изображения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сравнение результатов исследования цветового зрения у пациентов с ахроматопсией разными способами демонстрирует наибольшую вероятность диагностических ошибок при использовании полихроматических таблиц, что может быть связано со способностью этих пациентов различать тестовые фигуры в некоторых таблицах на основе контраста яркости, а не контраста цветовых тонов. Повышенная чувствительность фоторецепторов к синей части спектра и значительно сниженная чувствительность к красной части спектра у исследуемых может обусловливать расширение границ поля зрения на зеленый и синий стимулы (при этом границы поля зрения на синий стимул практически достигают значений для белого стимула), а также значительное сужение на красный стимул по сравнению с показателями в контрольной группе (р &lt; 0,001). Разработанные собственные тестовые изображения позволили количественно оценить воспринимаемую пациентами с ахроматопсией яркость хроматических стимулов в сравнении с яркостью ахроматических. Наиболее ярким (90–100 %) для них являлся голубой стимул. Самым темным (минимальной яркости) воспринимался красный стимул. На основе полученных данных создана примерная модель восприятия цветных изображений при ахроматопсии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные дополняют существующие представления об особенностях восприятия цветных изображений пациентами с ахроматопсией и могут быть использованы для разработок новых и совершенствования имеющихся методов диагностики данного заболевания, а также для создания рекомендаций по дизайну иллюстративного, учебного и рекламного материала.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Understanding the peculiarities of perception of color images by patients with achromatopsia helps to identify and differentiate this pathology from diseases with similar clinical symptoms in time. This is becoming increasingly relevant due to ongoing developments in the field of virus vector therapy using an adeno-associated virus carrying the CNGB3 and CNGA3 genes.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to investigate the features of perception of color images by patients with achromatopsia, using in addition to the generally accepted developed proprietary tests to quantify the brightness of perceived images.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Five school-age patients (12–17 years) with complete achromatopsia were observed. The control group included 36 schoolchildren aged from 10 to 17 (av. 13.4 ± 0.5) with a normal state of visual functions. The ophthalmological examination included standard research methods. In children with achromatopsia, OСT data and ERG indicators were taken into account. To study color vision in all children, the following methods were used: E.B. Rabkin’s polychromatic tables, Neitz Test, Farnsworth–Munsell Dichotomodus D-15 Test, a study of the field of vision for white and colored stimuli (on the perimeter of PNR-03). In addition, in children with achromatopsia, the perception of color stimuli with achromatic stimuli was compared using special proprietary images.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Comparison of the results of the study of color vision in patients with achromatopsia in different ways demonstrates the greatest probability of diagnostic errors when using polychromatic tables, which may be due to the ability of these patients to distinguish test figures in some tables based on brightness contrast, rather than contrast of color tones. Increased sensitivity of photoreceptors to short-wave (blue part of the spectrum) radiation and significantly reduced sensitivity to short-wave (red part of the spectrum) in patients with achromatopsia may cause the expansion of the boundaries of the field of view to green and blue stimuli (while the boundaries of the field of view to the blue stimulus almost reach the values for the white stimulus), as well as a significant narrowing to red stimuli compared with the indicators in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The developed own test images made it possible to quantify the brightness of chromatic stimuli perceived by patients with achromatopsia in comparison with the brightness of achromatic stimuli. The brightest (90–100%) for them was the blue stimulus and practically merged with the white background of the screen. The red stimulus was perceived to be the darkest (minimum brightness). Based on the data obtained, an approximate model of the perception of color images in achromatopsia was created. Conclusion. The obtained data complement the existing ideas about the peculiarities of perception of color images by patients with achromatopsia and can be used to develop new and improve existing methods of diagnosing this disease, as well as to create recommendations for the design of illustrative, educational and advertising material.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ахроматопсия</kwd><kwd>цветовое зрение</kwd><kwd>диагностика цветового зрения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>achromatopsia</kwd><kwd>color vision</kwd><kwd>diagnostic of color vision</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность к. м.н. И. Е. Хаценко за помощь в обследовании пациентов</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their gratitude to I.E. 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