glazmagThe EYE ГЛАЗThe EYE GLAZ2222-44082686-8083Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии10.33791/2222-4408-2023-2-151-162glazmag-445Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSОптические методы управления прогрессирующей миопиейOptical methods for the management of progressive myopiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-4815МягковА. В.MyagkovA. V.

Мягков Александр Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор

125438, Российская Федерация, г. Москва, ул. Михалковская, д. 63б, стр. 4

Alexander V. Myagkov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director

63b, bld. 4, Mikhalkovskaya Str., Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation

6425908@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-1987-5737МягковД. А.MyagkovD. A.

Мягков Даниил Александрович, оптометрист отдела ортокератологии и контроля миопии

125438, Российская Федерация, г. Москва, ул. Михалковская, д. 63б, стр. 4

Daniil A. Myagkov, Optometrist of the Department of Orthokeratology and Myopia Control 

63b, bld. 4, Mikhalkovskaya Str., Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation

АНО «Национальный институт миопии»РоссияNational Myopia InstituteRussian Federation202304072023252151162Copyright © Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 20232023Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрииАкадемия медицинской оптики и оптометрииhttps://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/445Актуальность

Актуальность. Близорукость является основной причиной предотвратимой слепоты и распространяется по всему миру с угрожающей скоростью, особенно в азиатских странах. Возраст начала близорукости понижается, а процентное соотношение высокой миопии резко возрастает, что требует от специалистов применения современных безопасных методов ее стабилизации для предотвращения осложнений в будущем. Сегодня предпочтение отдается оптическим методам контроля миопии, основанным на формировании наведенного периферического миопического дефокуса.

Цель

Цель: изучить отечественный и международный опыт применения оптических методов лечения прогрессирующей миопии. Выявить факторы, влияющие на их эффективность.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ более 200 источников на ресурсах PubMed, eLibrary, Crossref Metadata за последние 10 лет. В работу вошел обзор 60 публикаций.

Результаты

Результаты. В последние годы отмечается активный интерес исследователей к проблеме прогрессирующей миопии. Это отражается более чем четырехкратным ростом количества статей, посвященных причинам развития и методам лечения прогрессирующей миопии, за проанализированный период. Работы демонстрируют важность использования современных оптических методов – очковых линз, мультифокальных и бифокальных мягких контактных линз, а также ортокератологии – в рутинной практике офтальмологов и оптометристов с целью стабилизации прогрессирования миопии у детей и подростков. Результаты анализа исследований показывают, с одной стороны, их высокую эффективность, а с другой – необходимость индивидуального подхода в выборе метода контроля миопии. Выделены факторы, влияющие на результат: диаметр оптической зоны, сила аддидации, формирующая наведенный периферический миопический дефокус, а также время использования в течение дня.

Заключение

Заключение. Ни один метод лечения прогрессирующей миопии не демонстрирует явного превосходства. Ортокератологические, мультифокальные и бифокальные мягкие контактные линзы, специальные очки и низкие дозы атропина показывают аналогичный эффект с некоторыми оговорками. При выборе оптических методов контроля миопии следует учитывать факторы, влияющие на их эффективность.

Introduction

Introduction. Myopia is the main cause of preventable blindness and is widespread around the world at an alarming rate, especially in Asian countries. The age of the onset of myopia is getting younger. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia is sharply increasing, which requires clinicians to use new and safe methods of its stabilization. The main methods of correction are optical. This group is based on the hypothesis of induced peripheral myopic defocus.

Aim

Aim: to study the domestic and international experience with the use of the optical methods in treatment of progressive myopia according to the literature and factors, as well as factors affecting their effectiveness.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. More than 200 publications on PubMed, eLibrary, and Crossref Metadata over the past 10 years were analyzed. Our analysis includes a review of 60 publications.

Results

Results. Over the past years, there has been a strong interest of researchers in the problem of progressive myopia. This is reflected by a more than four-fold increase in the number of publications devoted to the causes and methods of treatment in patients with progressive myopia. Publications demonstrate the importance of using the modern optical methods, such as spectacle lenses, multifocal and bifocal soft contact lenses and orthokeratology in the routine practice of ophthalmologists and optometrists in order to stabilize the progression of myopia in children and adolescents. On the one hand, the results of analysis show their high efficiency. On the other hand, we need an individual approach in choosing the method for myopia control in each specific case. The factors influencing the result are identified: the diameter of the optical zone, the force of addition that creates the peripheral myopic defocus and the time of use myopia correction during the day.

Conclusion

Conclusion. No method of treating progressive myopia demonstrates clear superiority. Orthokeratology, multifocal and bifocal soft contact lenses, special glasses and low doses atropine instillation demonstrates the similar effect with some clauses. When choosing optical methods for myopia control, the factors affecting their effectiveness should be taken into account.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.