glazmagThe EYE ГЛАЗThe EYE GLAZ2222-44082686-8083Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии10.33791/2222-4408-2022-4-29-41glazmag-391Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSВыбор экспериментальной модели и метода моделирования при изучении патогенеза и способов лечения возрастной макулярной дегенерации (обзор)Choice of an experimental model and modeling method in the study of the pathogenesis and methods of treatment of age-related macular degeneration (review)ХоджаевН. С.KhodzhaevN. S.

Ходжаев Назрулла Сагдуллаевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель генерального директора по организационной работе и инновационному развитию

127486, Москва, Бескудниковский бульвар, д. 59а

Nazrulla S. Khodzhaev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy General Director for Organizational Work and Innovative Development

59a, Beskudnikovsky Boulevard, Moscow, 127486

ЧупровА. Д.ChuprovA. D.

Чупров Александр Дмитриевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор

460047, Оренбург, ул. Салмышская, д.17

Aleksandr D. Chuprov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director

17, Salmyshskaya Str., Orenburg, 460047

КимС. М.KimS. M.

Ким Светлана Михайловна, заведующая офтальмологическим отделением Оренбургского филиала

460047, Оренбург, ул. Салмышская, д.17

Svetlana M. Kim, Head of Ophthalmology Department

17, Salmyshskaya Str., Orenburg, 460047

nauka@mail.ofmntk.ruСтадниковА. А.StadnikovA. A.

Стадников Александр Абрамович, доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии

460000, Оренбург, ул. Советская, д. 6

Aleksandr A. Stadnikov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Histology, Cytology and Embryology Department

6, Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000

ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияS. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State InstitutionRussian FederationОренбургский филиал ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК “Микрохирургия глаза” им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOrenburg Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State InstitutionRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOrenburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2022211220222442941Copyright © Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 20222022Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрииАкадемия медицинской оптики и оптометрииhttps://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/391Введение

Введение. Экспериментальное моделирование различных патологических процессов в органе зрения является неотъемлемой частью как фундаментальных, так и прикладных исследований. Для более глубокого понимания патогенеза возрастной макулярной дегенерации (ВМД) и апробации новых методов ее лечения были разработаны различные экспериментальные модели ВМД на животных. Однако на этапе постановки эксперимента перед каждым исследователем стоит сложная задача выбора адекватной животной модели, имеющей наиболее близкую гомологию с анатомией и патологией человека, а также способа ее моделирования

 Цель

 Цель: проанализировать данные литературы, касающиеся выбора экспериментальной модели ВМД и методов ее моделирования, оценить сильные стороны и ограничения их использования при изучении патогенеза и эффективности современных способов лечения данной офтальмопатологии.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ публикаций на ресурсах PubMed, eLibrary, Cyberleninka за период с 2000 года по настоящее время.

Результаты

Результаты. В обзоре рассмотрены критерии выбора экспериментальных моделей и группы животных, чаще всего используемых в качестве объекта исследования (мыши, крысы, кролики, свиньи и приматы). Среди способов моделирования ВМД проанализированы химически-индуцированные (использование йодата натрия, N-метил-N-нитрозомочевины и хлорида кобальта), а также физически-индуцированные методы (механическое и световое повреждение сетчатки).

Выводы

Выводы. Использование кроликов в качестве объекта исследования, даже несмотря на отсутствие макулярной области, является хорошо зарекомендовавшей себя моделью ВМД, ввиду того что строение их сетчатки соответствует общей структуре сетчатки млекопитающих в зонах наибольшей остроты зрения. Среди способов моделирования ВМД, светоиндуцированное повреждение сетчатки занимает лидирующее положение, характеризующееся рядом преимуществ, таких так контроль времени и интенсивности воздействия для получения необходимой степени дегенерации. Представленная в данном обзоре информация позволит исследователям подобрать для решения своей задачи наиболее адекватную модель среди экспериментальных животных и способ моделирования ВМД.

Background

Background. Experimental modeling of various pathological processes in the organ of vision is an integral part of both fundamental and applied research. For a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and testing of new methods of its treatment, various experimental models of AMD in animals have been developed. However, at the stage of setting up the experiment, each researcher faces the difficult task of choosing an adequate animal model that has the closest homology with human anatomy and pathology, as well as a method for modeling it.

Purpose

Purpose. To analyze the literature data concerning the choice of AMD experimental model and methods for its modeling, to assess the advantages and limitations of their use in the study of the pathogenesis and effectiveness of modern methods for treating this ophthalmopathology.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The analysis of publications on PubMed, eLibrary, Cyberleninka resources for the period from 2000 year to the present has been carried out.

Results

Results. The review considers the criteria for selecting experimental models and groups of animals most often used as an object of study (mice, rats, rabbits, pigs and primates). Among the methods for AMD modeling, chemically induced methods (using sodium iodate, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and cobalt chloride), as well as physically induced methods (mechanical and light damage to reti na) were analyzed.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The use of rabbits as an object of study, even though the macular area is absent, is a well-established model of AMD, in view of the fact that the structure of their reti na corresponds to the general structure of the mammalian retina in areas of greatest visual acuity. Light-induced retinal damage occupies a leading position among AMD modeling methods, which is characterized by a number of advantages – control of the time and intensity of exposure to obtain the required degree of degeneration. The information presented in this review will allow researchers to choose the most adequate model among experimental animals and a method for modeling AMD.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.