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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2022-1-43-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-300</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Монокулярная оценка глубины (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monocular Depth Estimation (Literature Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-8950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Светлана Игоревна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории «Зрительные системы»; доцент кафедры глазных болезней</p><p>127051, Москва, Большой Каретный пер., д. 19</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Rychkova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), оphthalmologist, Lead researcher of Vision Physiology laboratory; Department of Eye Diseases</p><p>19, Bolshoy Karetny Lane, Moscow, 127051</p><p>15, Gamalei Str., Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lana.rych@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-7217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихванцева</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhvantseva</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лихванцева Вера Геннадьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии Академии постдипломного образования</p><p>125371, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera G. Likhvantseva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Ophthalmology of the Academy of Postgraduate Education</p><p>91, Volokolamsk Highway, Moscow, 125371</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">likhvantseva-4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт проблем передачи информации им. А.А. Харкевича» РАН; Медико-биологический университет инноваций и непрерывного образования ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Medico-Biological University of Innovation and Continuing Education of Russian State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/300">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/300</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Физиологическую основу пространственного восприятия традиционно относят к бинокулярной системе, интегрирующей сигналы, поступающие в мозг от каждого глаза, в единый образ трехмерного внешнего мира. Между тем, восприятие трехмерности возможно и за счет эволюционно более древней монокулярной системы пространственного восприятия. В норме ведущую роль в восприятии глубины играет бинокулярный механизм, а его нарушения приводят к сдвигу «силовых отношений» в сторону монокулярного. В связи с этим одним из актуальных направлений офтальмологии и нейрофизиологии является исследование особенностей монокулярной оцени глубины в норме и при офтальмопатологии.Цель: изучить данные литературы, посвященной монокулярному механизму оценки глубины, способам его исследования, а также особенностям его проявлений в норме и при офтальмопатологии.Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ публикаций на ресурсах PubMed, eLibrary, Cyberleninka, Crossref metadata search.Результаты. В обзоре рассмотрены современные представления о монокулярных признаках глубины, способных обеспечить эффективную работу монокулярного механизма пространственного зрения. Подробно рассмотрен стереокинетический эффект (СЭ), характеризующий силовые отношения монокулярных и бинокулярных механизмов пространственного зрения. Изучены возможности использования СЭ для оценки состояния механизмов пространственного зрения при офтальмологической и неврологической патологии.Выводы. Существует ряд монокулярных признаков глубины, способных обеспечить эффективную работу монокулярного механизма пространственного зрения, таких как перспектива, световые и цветовые эффекты, аккомодация, приобретенное с опытом знание истинных размеров объектов. Особое значение для офтальмологической практики имеет СЭ, вызываемый последовательным смещением на сетчатке проекций кольцевых эксцентрических изображений, позволяющий оценивать силовые отношения монокулярных и бинокулярных механизмов пространственного зрения. У пациентов с нарушениями бинокулярного зрения при амблиопии и косоглазии наблюдается уменьшение монокулярных и повышение бинокулярных показателей СЭ, а для органической патологи глазного дна более характерно только снижение монокулярных показателей. При этом изменения показателей СЭ могут служить дополнительными критериями оценки эффективности функционального лечения бинокулярных нарушений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The physiological basis of spatial perception is traditionally attributed to the binocular system, which integrates the signals coming to the brain from each eye into a single image of the three-dimensional outside world. The perception of three-dimensionality, however, is also possible due to the evolutionarily older monocular system of spatial perception. Normally, the binocular mechanism plays the leading role in depth perception, and its violations lead to a shift towards the monocular. In this regard, one of the relevant areas of ophthalmology and neurophysiology is the study of the features of monocular depth estimation in normal conditions and cases of ophthalmic pathology.Purpose: to study the literature data on the monocular depth estimation mechanism, methods of its assessment, as well as the peculiarities of its manifestations in normal conditions and cases of ophthalmic pathology.Materials and methods. The literature analysis of publications on PubMed, eLibrary, Cyberleninka and crossref metadata search was carried out.Results. The review considers modern ideas regarding monocular depth cues that can ensure the effective operation of the monocular mechanism of spatial vision. The stereokinetic effect (SE) is considered in detail. The possibilities of using SE assessment methods to evaluate the state of spatial vision mechanisms in cases of ophthalmic and neurological pathology have been studied.Conclusion. There are a number of monocular depth cues that can ensure the effective operation of the monocular mechanism of spatial vision, such as: perspective, light and color effects, accommodation and knowledge of the true sizes of the objects acquired with experience. Stereokinetic effect caused by the successive displacement of projections of circular eccentric images on the retina, which allows to evaluate relationship of monocular and binocular mechanisms of spatial perception, has a particular importance for ophthalmology practice. In patients with binocular vision disorders (amblyopia and strabismus), a decrease in monocular and an increase in binocular SE indicators were observed, whereas only a decrease in monocular indicators is more typical for organic ocular fundus pathology. At the same time, changes in SE indicators can serve as additional criteria for evaluating the efficacy of functional treatment of binocular disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>монокулярные механизмы пространственного восприятия</kwd><kwd>монокулярные признаки глубины</kwd><kwd>стереокинетический эффект</kwd><kwd>параллакс движения</kwd><kwd>структура из движения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monocular mechanisms of spatial perception</kwd><kwd>monocular depth cues</kwd><kwd>stereokinetic effect</kwd><kwd>motion parallax</kwd><kwd>structure from motion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Могилев Л.Н. Механизмы пространственного зрения. М.: Наука; 1982. 112 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мogylev L.N. Меchanizmy prostranstvennogo zreniya [Mechanisms of spatial vision]. 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