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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2020-1-34-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о влиянии аккомодации  и аккомодационных нарушений на процесс формирования и прогрессирования миопии (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Revisiting the influence of accommodation and accommodation disorders on the process of development and progression of myopia (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мягков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myagkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор</p><p>125438, Москва, ул. Михалковская, д. 63Б, стр. 4. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Med.Sc.D., Professor, Director</p><p>63B, bld. 4 Mikhalkovskaya St., Moscow, 125438</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ceo@okvision.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карамышев</surname><given-names>П. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karamyshev</surname><given-names>P. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог, преподаватель</p><p>125438, Москва, ул. Михалковская, д. 63Б, стр. 4. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ophthalmologist, Lecturer</p><p>63B, bld. 4 Mikhalkovskaya St., Moscow, 125438</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">p.karamyshev@okvision.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НОЧУ ДПО «Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Non-State Educational Private Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Academy of Medical Optics and Optometry»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1(129)</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/158">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/158</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать отечественные и зарубежные научные публикации за последние 5 лет, отражающие вопросы аккомодации и аккомодационных нарушений. Оценить наличие или отсутствие изменений в вопросе классификации аккомодационных нарушений. Оценить роль различных аккомодационных нарушений в процессе развития и прогрессирования миопии.</p></sec><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p> Актуальность. С учетом значительного увеличения количества людей с миопией за последние десятилетия вновь возрос интерес к изучению аккомодации и аккомодационных нарушений. Связано это не только с тем, что аккомодационная недостаточность (слабость аккомодации, accommodation insufficiency, AI) считается одним из ведущих факторов формирования близорукости, но и с тем, что использование того или иного способа контроля прогрессирования близорукости различным образом воздействует на процесс аккомодации, увеличивая или снижая запасы аккомодации, влияя на работу бинокулярной системы.</p><p>Новые разработки в области визуализации внутриглазных структур (Anterior segment imaging by OCT, Scheimpflug imaging, UBM) позволяют проводить ранее невозможные исследования изменений хрусталика, цилиарного тела на разных уровнях аккомодационного ответа, в разных возрастных группах в режиме in vivo, что уже сказывается на формировании и апробации новых концепций в вопросе механизма аккомодации.</p><p>Таким образом, динамика происходящих изменений диктует офтальмологам условия, которые требуют взглянуть по-новому на уже устоявшиеся концепции механизма аккомодации, оценить состоятельность ранее принятых подходов в классификации аккомодационных нарушений, что может повлиять на изменения в тактике контроля прогрессирования близорукости в момент, когда миопизация населения (и особенно детского возраста) ускоряется с каждым днем.</p><p>Нашей задачей явился анализ за последние 5 лет научных отечествен ных и зарубежных публикаций, отражающих результаты исследований механизма аккомодации, влияния аккомодационных нарушений на прогрессирование близорукости; мы также попытались оценить перспективу создания единой классификации аккомодационных нарушений, возможности формирования единого алгоритма контроля прогрессирования миопии на основе параметров аккомодации на сегодняшний день. </p></sec><sec><title>Стратегия поиска</title><p>Стратегия поиска. Был проведен обзор англо- и русскоязычных источников, связанных с изучением механизма аккомодации, влияния аккомодационных нарушений на прогрессирование миопии и их классификации с использованием следующих баз данных: PubMed, Cyberleninka, Google scholar, Elibrary. Глубина поиска составляла 5 лет (2014-2019 гг.), за исключением исторических источников. В поиск были включены:</p><p>– оригинальные исследования;</p><p>– исторические и отсканированные публикации;</p><p>– исследования /описания аккомодационных нарушений и их связи с миопией;</p><p>– абстракты и полнотекстовые публикации; – литературные обзоры;</p></sec><sec><title>– монографии</title><p>– монографии.</p><p>Критериями исключения являлись: – тематические публикации с закрытым или ограниченным доступом.</p><p>В процессе поиска и обработки информации полученные данные не систематизировались по уровню достоверности в связи с тем, что целью обзора является получение общего представления о взглядах на указанную проблематику, оценка наличия или отсутствия единства в формировании диагностических критериев без задачи формирования практических рекомендаций.</p><p>Для поиска в базах данных были созданы следующие поисковые запросы:</p><p>1) англоязычные источники – mechanism of accommodation, accommodation AND history issue, accommodation AND Helmholtz AND Tschеrning, accommodation AND myopia, accommodation AND myopia control AND myopia progression, accommodation disorders OR accommodation anomalies, accommodative excess AND accommodative infacility AND accommodative insufficiency, epidemiology myopia AND etiology myopia, near work AND myopia AND children;</p><p>2) русскоязычные источники – история изучения аккомодации, механизм аккомодации, классификация аккомодационных нарушений, аккомодация, аккомодационные нарушения при близорукости, аккомодация и прогрессирование близорукости, слабость аккомодации, привычно-избыточное напряжение аккомодации, прогрессирующая близорукость, контроль миопии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To analyze domestic and foreign scientific publications over the past 5 years, reflecting the issues of accommodation and accommodation disorders. To assess the presence or absence of changes in the classification of accommodation disorders. To evaluate the role of various accommodation disorders in the development and progression of myopia.</p></sec><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Given the significant increase in the number of people with myopia in recent decades, interest in the study of accommodation and accommodation disorders has increased again. This is due not only to the fact that accommodative insufficiency (AI, weak accommodation), is considered one of the leading factors in the development of myopia, but also because the use of one or another method of myopia control affects the process of accommodation, increasing or reducing accommodation reserves, affecting the functioning of the binocular system.</p><p>New developments in the field of visualization of intraocular structures (anterior segment imaging by OCT, Sheimpflug imaging, UBM) allows carry out previously impossible studies of changes in the crystalline lens, ciliary body, at different levels of accommodation response, in different age groups in vivo, which itself affects the development and testing of new concepts related to the mechanism of the accommodation.</p><p>Thus, the dynamics of the changes that are taking place motivates ophthalmologists to take a fresh look at the already established concepts of the accommodation mechanism, to assess the consistency of previously adopted approaches to the classification of accommodation disorders, which in turn can affect changes in the tactics of myopia control, which is especially crucial as myopization of the population, especially in children, is accelerating every day.</p><p>Our task was to evaluate domestic and foreign scientific publications over the past 5 years, reflecting the results of studies of the accommodation mechanism, assessing the influence of accommodation disorders on the progression of myopia. The task was also to assess the prospect of creating a unified classification of accommodative disturbances, the ability to create a unified algorithm for controlling progression, based on accommodation parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Search strategy</title><p>Search strategy. A review of English and Russian sources related to the study of the mechanism of accommodation was conducted; the effect of accommodation disorders on the progression of myopia and their classification was studied using the following databases: PubMed, Cyberleninka, Google scholar, Elibrary. The search depth was 5 years (20142019), excluding the historical sources.</p></sec><sec><title>The sources included</title><p>The sources included:</p></sec><sec><title>– original research;</title><p>– original research;</p><p>– historical issue, scanned publications;</p><p>– studies / descriptions of accommodation disorders and their relationship with myopia;</p><p>– abstracts and full-text publications;</p><p>– literary reviews; – monographies. The exclusion criteria were:</p><p>– themed issues with closed or restricted access.</p><p>During the process of searching and processing information, the data obtained were not systematized according to the level of reliability due to the fact that the purpose of the review is to obtain a general idea of the views on this issue, assess the presence or absence of unity in the formation of diagnostic criteria, without the task of suggesting practical recommendations.</p><p>The following search queries were made to search the databases:</p><p>1) english-language sources − mechanism of accommodation, accommodation AND history issue, accommodation AND Helmholtz AND Tsherning, accommodation AND myopia, accommodation AND myopia control AND myopia progression, accommodation disorders OR accommodation anomalies, accommodative excess AND accommodative infacility AND accommodative insufficiency, epidemiology myopia AND etiology myopia, near work AND myopia AND children;</p><p>2) russian-language sources − the history of the study of accommodation, the mechanism of accommodation, classification of accommodation disorders, accommodation, accommodation disorders with myopia, accommodation and the progression of myopia, weakness of accommodation, habitual excess tension of accommodation; progressive myopia, myopia control. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аккомодация</kwd><kwd>аккомодационные нарушения</kwd><kwd>слабость аккомодации</kwd><kwd>привычно-избыточное напряжение аккомодации</kwd><kwd>прогрессирующая близорукость</kwd><kwd>контроль миопии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>accommodation</kwd><kwd>accommodation disorders</kwd><kwd>accommodation weakness</kwd><kwd>habitually excessive accommodation stress</kwd><kwd>progressive myopia</kwd><kwd>myopia control</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheiner C. 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