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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glazmag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">The EYE ГЛАЗ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The EYE GLAZ</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2222-4408</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8083</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33791/2222-4408-2019-4-7-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glazmag-138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция методов исследования остроты зрения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The evolution of visual acuity test methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>Д. А.-Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>D. A.-G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой глазных болезней и усовершенствования врачей.</p><p>Республика Дагестан, 367000, Махачкала, пл. Ленина, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Med.Sc.D., Professor, Head of the Department.</p><p>1 Lenina sq., Makhachkala, 367000, Republic of Dagestan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нурудинов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurudinov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нурудинов Муса Муртазалиевич - врач-офтальмолог отделения новых технологий и витреоретинальной хирургии.</p><p>Республика Дагестан, 368300, Каспийск, ул. Набережная, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ophthalmologist of the New Technologies and Vitreoretinal Surgery Department.</p><p>12 Naberezhnaya St., Caspiysk, 368300, Republic of Dagestan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">musail1988@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиева</surname><given-names>М. А.-Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>M. A.-G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением оптометрии и функциональной диагностики.</p><p>Республика Дагестан, 368300, Каспийск, ул. Набережная, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Head of the Optometry and Functional Diagnostic of the Eye Department.</p><p>12 Naberezhnaya St., Caspiysk, 368300, Republic of Dagestan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>SBEI HPE Dagestan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ НКО Дагестанский центр микрохирургии глаза</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>SBI CRA Dagestan Center of the Eye Microsurgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4 (128)</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии, 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия медицинской оптики и оптометрии</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/138">https://www.theeyeglaz.com/jour/article/view/138</self-uri><abstract><p>В данном обзоре представлен исторический анализ развития методов исследования остроты зрения, подробно рассмотрены принципы построения оптотипов и таблиц для визометрических исследований,описаны преимущества и недостатки современных таблиц для визометрии. Такое внимание к данной теме обосновано тем, что острота зрения является основным параметром, характеризующим состояние зрительного анализатора. Поэтому исследование остроты зрения остается одним из важнейших методов оценки зрительных функций. Общепринятые системы исследования остроты зрения, несмотря на всю простоту их эксплуатации, имеют недостаточно высокую чувствительность, а используемые оптотипы не позволяют в должной мере оценить функциональное состояние зрительного анализатора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review presents a historical analysis of the development of visual acuity research methods, examines in detail the principles of construction of optotypes and charts for visual acuity examination as well as describes the advantages and disadvantages of modern eye charts. Such attention to this topic is justified by the fact that visual acuity is the main parameter characterizing the state of the eye. Therefore, the study of visual acuity remains one of the most important methods of assessing visual functions. The generally accepted systems for visual acuity examination, despite the simplicity of their operation, do not have a sufficiently high sensitivity, and the optotypes that are used do not make it possible to adequately assess the functional state of the eye.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острота зрения</kwd><kwd>оптотип</kwd><kwd>таблица для визометрии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>visual acuity</kwd><kwd>optotype</kwd><kwd>eye chart</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков В.В., Горбань А.Н., Джалиашвили О.А. Клиническая визо- и рефрактометрия. Л.: Медицина; 1976. 216 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov V.V., Gorban A.N., Dzhaliashvili O.A. 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